Understanding Spine Problems: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments - Dr. Shailesh Deshmukh in Baner

• Herniated Disc - Also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, this condition occurs when the soft tissue inside a spinal disc pushes out through a crack in the outer layer, compressing nearby nerves. This can cause pain, numbness, and weakness, particularly in the lower back or neck.
• Degenerative Disc Disease - With age, the discs between your vertebrae can lose hydration and flexibility, leading to disc wear and tear. Degenerative disc disease may result in chronic back pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.
• Spinal Stenosis - Spinal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the spine narrow, putting pressure on the nerves. This can cause pain, tingling, or numbness in the legs, back, or arms, and can make walking or standing difficult.
• Scoliosis - Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves abnormally to the side. It often develops during adolescence but can also occur in adults. In severe cases, scoliosis may lead to discomfort, posture issues, and back pain.
• Sciatica - Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back through the hips and down each leg. It is usually caused by a herniated disc or bone spur pressing on the nerve, resulting in sharp, shooting pain.
• Osteoporosis-Related Spine Problems - Osteoporosis weakens the bones, making them more prone to fractures, especially in the spine. Spinal fractures due to osteoporosis can cause severe back pain and lead to a hunched posture over time.

• Chronic back or neck pain that worsens with movement.
• Numbness or tingling in the arms, legs, or feet.
• Muscle weakness, particularly in the lower extremities.
• Limited range of motion and difficulty with activities like bending or walking.
• Shooting pain down one leg (sciatica) or arm, often due to nerve compression.
• Postural changes, such as stooping or uneven shoulders, seen in scoliosis or spinal fractures.
  

• Age-Related Wear and Tear - Conditions such as degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis are often caused by the natural aging process, where discs lose their cushioning ability and joints deteriorate.
•  Injury or Trauma - Accidents, falls, or sports injuries can damage the spine, leading to herniated discs, fractures, or ligament sprains.
•  Poor Posture and Sedentary Lifestyle - Sitting for long periods, especially with poor posture, can strain the spine, leading to conditions such as herniated discs and muscle imbalances.
•  Obesity - Excess body weight can put additional pressure on the spine, increasing the risk of degenerative conditions and back pain.
•  Genetics - Certain spinal disorders, such as scoliosis or herniated discs, may run in families, making individuals more prone to developing these conditions.

1. Medications - Pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation.
2. Physical Therapy - A customized physical therapy program can help strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve flexibility, and reduce pain.
3. Epidural Steroid Injections - These injections can provide pain relief by reducing inflammation around compressed nerves, especially in cases of herniated discs or spinal stenosis.
4. Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery - In severe cases where conservative treatments fail, minimally invasive surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the nerves, repair herniated discs, or stabilize the spine.
5. Spinal Fusion Surgery - For conditions like degenerative disc disease or scoliosis, spinal fusion surgery may be recommended. This procedure fuses two or more vertebrae together to stabilize the spine and prevent further damage.

• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the spine.
• Practice good posture when sitting, standing, or lifting heavy objects.
• Stay active by engaging in regular exercises that strengthen the core and improve flexibility.
• Use ergonomic furniture and workstations to support spinal alignment.
• Quit smoking, as smoking can contribute to degenerative disc disease.